Raising Monarch Butterflies

In August and September, we had a pretty amazing experience. It started because last spring, I tried planting some milkweed seeds. My plan was to grow a lot of milkweed, and then I would order some monarch larvae and try to raise them just like we did for painted ladies four years ago.

My ideas didn’t quite work out the way I planned. First of all, out of 150 seeds, less than ten milkweed plants grew. (I’m sure this has more to do with my yard’s growing conditions and my lack of a green thumb. I have a green pinky.) They also grew very slowly. Only a few of them got big, but they never blossomed.

My milkweed plants. All of them.

One day while I was watering the milkweed, I noticed some holes in the leaves. When I turned over a leaf, there it was — a tiny monarch caterpillar!

Baby monarch caterpillar. I couldn’t believe my eyes when I saw this little fella.

When I searched, I found them all over the milkweed. We were so excited. There were almost 20 caterpillars. (Every time we tried to count, we got a different number. There were a lot of hiding places in the milkweed.)

They grew and grew. I wondered from the very beginning, if this little patch of milkweed would be enough for them, especially after they got big.

We had another worry too. Tropical Storm Irma was going to come through here. I noticed that a mere sprinkle of the hose to water the milkweed could knock down the caterpillars.

There was no way they were going to survive Tropical Storm Irma. We made the effort to put the big pots into our garage, and as the storm was passing, I was glad I did that. It was fierce. (But I am saddened to think about how much wildlife must have drowned in that storm.)

They continued to eat and eat, grow and grow, and poop and poop. Just like caterpillars are supposed to do. It was quite amazing to watch.

We were clearly going to run out of milkweed, so I asked around for help. Someone on Twitter sent me an article saying that if the caterpillars are in their 5th instar, they will eat pumpkin and cucumber. So we bought some pumpkin and cucumber and put it in the pots, giving them a way to climb up, just like on the milkweed. At first they didn’t eat the alternate food, but by the next day, the milkweed was gone, and they were eating it! We were so relieved.

Not long after this, we noticed some of the caterpillars began leaving the pots. We knew they were probably going out to try to find a place to pupate. We decided to keep a few in our butterfly cage. I wanted the boys to be able to watch the metamorphosis, especially my eight-year-old, who doesn’t remember raising the painted ladies. I also wanted to give a few of the caterpillars some extra protection. I put seven caterpillars in the cage, and let the other ones go on their own.

When caterpillars are ready to pupate, they find a good place to attach themselves to with a silky thread and hang upside down in this J shape. They were like this for about one day at least.

Notice the gold flecks on the chrysalis. So beautiful.

Pretty soon we had four chrysalises in our cage. A day or two later, we had three more. So far, so good. We were so excited to be able to watch one become a chrysalis! I hastily grabbed my phone and got these not-the-greatest videos, but still, it’s pretty incredible.

(Something you should know about these videos: You might want to turn your volume down because my neighbor was cutting up a tree that fell during Irma with an electric saw, and it’s quite loud. Also, my son says the caterpillar is not shedding its skin. Actually, it is! It sheds all of it, and it will finally fall off in the second video.)

We also found a caterpillar hanging from one of the pots with the milkweed growing in it, and it made its chrysalis there. We were so happy to know where one of our “free” caterpillars went to. We looked around our yard for more chrysalises, but we couldn’t find any more at this point.

After about nine days, we began to notice that the chrysalises were turning a black color. This is actually because the chrysalis is transparent, and we could now see the monarch butterfly’s wings inside this beautiful pupa.

Exactly ten days after pupating, the first butterflies emerged from their chrysalis. I can’t tell you how excited we were.

We ran over to check the chrysalis on our pot. It had emerged too! It stayed there for about an hour, opening and closing its wings slightly, letting them dry. My boys were there when it finally flew away.

To our delight, we found three other butterflies emerging from their chrysalis in the yard! It’s easier to find the butterfly than the tiny, green chrysalis, but finding one butterfly led us to finding another chrysalis, which was nearby.We stayed by this one all morning, and we were able to watch it emerge. It’s not the best video, but here you go:

The wings will slowly spread out and dry.
Another one we found on our garden fence.

Throughout the day, four of the seven butterflies in our cage emerged, and we let them go as soon as they seemed strong enough to fly.

The next morning, the last three butterflies emerged, so we said good-bye to them too.

Now all the butterflies are hopefully on their way to Mexico where they will spend the winter. If you’ve never heard about the Monarch migration, or how they congregate together in one place in Mexico, you should read about it.

I don’t think we’ll ever forget this experience, and it’s times like these that I’m especially glad we’re homeschooling. Most kids don’t get to stop what they’re doing and spend a whole weekday morning watching butterflies emerge from their chrysalises. But what better education is there than having an intimate experience with nature?

The boys are hoping we’ll get to do this again, and I’m hoping it doesn’t happen until we have plenty of milkweed. But our little milkweed plants are recovering and growing faster this time, so I’m hopeful. 🙂

What exciting experiences are you having this autumn?

11 thoughts on “Raising Monarch Butterflies

  1. I’m so glad you shared such a delightful and wondrous experience on here! Your photos and videos are awesome. It’s really so amazing! I feel the same about homeschooling. It’s so freeing to be able to spend time learning from nature.

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  2. Hi Shelli,

    I’ve been signed up to your posts for some time, but I never seem to have the time to comment. My daughter Jamaica and I love all of your stories, especially the ones about Nature. This one is a very awe-inspiring story, and by the end of it, I was crying while I read this sentence….

    “I don’t think we’ll ever forget this experience, and it’s times like these that I’m especially glad we’re homeschooling. Most kids don’t get to stop what they’re doing and spend a whole weekday morning watching butterflies emerge from their chrysalises. But what better education is there than having an intimate experience with nature?”

    Yes. It is these kinds of experiences that are a large part of my family mission statement for why we home educate…..so there IS time to slow down and make that connection with the natural world, with family, and with the community and culture that is integral to who you are.

    Thankyou for inspiring us to get involved in the conservation and breeding efforts for butterflies. We have an insect enclosure that has been used to raise all kinds of other insects and bugs, and after seeing in your photos just how much they devour the leaves, we will plant LOTS of Milkweed before ordering any larvae. We will have to research to see if the requirements are different here for raising them in Australia. My daughter and I are now intrigued…..do the Monarchs here also fly all the way to Mexico?? Or is there a more local gathering place for the Southern Hemisphere?? This, and more, we will discover in our research.

    So wonderful that yours arrived naturally, rather than through the post. Word must have passed on the Butterfly grapevine that you were preparing for visitors.

    Kelia & Jamaica xxx
    (Australia)

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    1. Kelia & Jamaica — Thank you so much for your comment, and I’m so happy to hear you’ve been enjoying my stories. The nature posts are my favorite too! Please let me know what you find out about your Monarchs. I imagine they probably gather in another place in the southern hemisphere. Our monarchs — in the middle and eastern parts of North America — migrate to Mexico, but the western monarchs actually gather together somewhere in southern California. I really need to read more about it myself!

      You may not need to order any larvae. Now that I’ve had this experience, I’ve heard that this happens a lot — monarchs will appear if you just plant the milkweed — and many gardeners are having the problem of not having enough time to grow enough milkweed before a few caterpillars devour them. (Which is making me wish for a greenhouse!) But this may also be because they are losing a lot of their natural habitat to humans here, so they are searching for any and all milkweed. Which is why there is a push to “save the monarchs!”

      Your insect enclosure sounds very cool! I wish you the best of luck with this project, and I hope you’ll share the results with me. 🙂

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Part of the reason I keep a blog is because being a stay-at-home mom can be lonely! So please reach out with a message, if you have a question or would like to chat. I usually write back within 24 hours, but please be patient.

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